IX
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Of the courts of justice, and suits against the state
All courts shall be open, and every man, for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have remedy by the due course of law, and right and justice administered, without sale, denial or delay. Suits may be brought against the commonwealth in such manner, in such courts, and in such cases, as the legislature may by law direct.
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IX
That in all Prosecutions for Criminal Offences a Man hath a right to be heard by himself and his Council, to demand the Cause and Nature of his Accusation, to be confronted with the Witnesses, to call for Evidence in his favour and a speedy public Tryal by an Impartial Jury of the Country, without the Unanimous consent of which Jury he cannot be found guilty, nor can he be compelled to give Evidence against himself, nor can any Man be Justly deprived of his Liberty, except by the Laws of the Land or the Judgment of his Peers.
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