The New Mexico Constitution

We, the people of New Mexico, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of liberty, in order to secure the advantages of a state government, do ordain and establish this constitution.

The name of this state is New Mexico, and its boundaries are as follows:
Beginning at the point where the thirty-seventh parallel of north latitude intersects the one hundred and third meridian west from Greenwich; thence along said one hundred and third meridian to the thirty-second parallel of north latitude; thence along said thirty-second parallel to the Rio Grande, also known as the Rio Bravo del Norte, as it existed on the ninth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty; thence, following the main channel of said river, as it existed on the ninth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and fifty, to the parallel of thirty-one degrees forty-seven minutes north latitude; thence west one hundred miles to a point; thence south to the parallel of thirty-one degrees twenty minutes north latitude; thence along said parallel of thirty-one degrees twenty minutes, to the thirty-second meridian of longitude west from Washington; thence along said thirty-second meridian to the thirty- seventh parallel of north latitude; thence along said thirty-seventh parallel to the point of beginning.

Section 1

Supreme law of the land.

Section 2

Popular sovereignty.

Section 3

Right of self-government.

Section 4

Inherent rights.

Section 5

Rights under Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo preserved.

Section 6
Last Amended 1986

Right to bear arms.

Section 7

Habeas corpus.

Section 8

Freedom of elections.

Section 9

Military power subordinate; quartering of soldiers.

Section 10

Searches and seizures.

Section 11

Freedom of religion.

Section 12

Trial by jury; less than unanimous verdicts in civil cases.

Section 13
Last Amended 2016

Bail; excessive fines; cruel and unusual punishment.

Section 14
Last Amended 1994

Indictment and information; grand juries; rights of accused.

Section 15

Self-incrimination; double jeopardy.

Section 16

Treason.

Section 17

Freedom of speech and press; libel.

Section 18
Last Amended 1973

Due process; equal protection; sex discrimination.

Section 19

Retroactive laws; bills of attainder; impairment of contracts.

Section 20

Eminent domain.

Section 21

Imprisonment for debt.

Section 22
Repealed 2006

Alien landownership.

Section 23

Reserved rights.

Section 24
Last Amended 1992

Victim's rights.

Section 1
Last Amended 1986

Separation of departments; establishment of workers compensation body.

Section 1

Vesting of legislative power; location of sessions; referendum on legislation.

Section 2
Last Amended 1960

Powers generally.

Section 3
Last Amended 1976

Number and qualifications of members; single-member districts; reapportionment.

Section 4
Last Amended 1960

Terms of office of members; time of election; filling of vacancies.

Section 5
Last Amended 1964

Time and length of sessions; items considered in even-numbered years.

Section 6
Last Amended 1948

Special session.

Section 7

Judge of election and qualification of members; quorum.

Section 8

Call to order; presiding officers.

Section 9
Last Amended 1948

Selection and compensation of officers and employees.

Section 10
Last Amended 1996

Compensation of members.

Section 11

Rules of procedure; contempt or disorderly conduct; expulsion of members.

Section 12

Public sessions; journals.

Section 13

Privileges and immunities.

Section 14

Adjournment.

Section 15

Laws to be passed by bill; alteration of bill; enacting clause; printing and reading of bill.

Section 16

Subject of bill in title; appropriation bills.

Section 17

Passage of bills.

Section 18
Last Amended 1964

Amendment of statutes.

Section 19
Last Amended 1960

Introduction of bills.

Section 20

Enrollment, engrossment and signing of bills.

Section 21

Alteration or theft of bill.

Section 22
Last Amended 1953

Governor's approval or veto of bills.

Section 23

Effective date of law; emergency acts.

Section 24

Local or special laws.

Section 25

Validating unauthorized official acts; fines against officers, etc.

Section 26

Grant of franchise or privilege.

Section 27

Extra or increased compensation for officers, contractors, etc.

Section 28

Appointment of present and former legislators to office; interest of legislators in contracts.

Section 29

Laws creating debts.

Section 30

Payments from treasury to be upon appropriations and warrant.

Section 31

Appropriations for charitable, educational, etc., purposes.

Section 32
Last Amended 1958

Remission of debts due state or municipalities.

Section 33

Prosecutions under repealed laws.

Section 34

Change of rights or procedure in pending cases.

Section 35

Power and procedure for impeachment and trial.

Section 36

Officers subject to impeachment.

Section 37

Railroad passes.

Section 38

Monopolies.

Section 39

"Bribery" and "solicitation" defined.

Section 40

Penalty for bribery.

Section 41

Compelling testimony in bribery cases.

Section 42
Last Amended 1986

Hearings on confirmation of gubernatorial appointments.

Section 1
Last Amended 1986

Composition of department; terms of office of members; residing and maintaining records at seat of government.

Section 2
Last Amended 1962

Canvass of elections; tie votes

Section 3

Qualifications of executive officers.

Section 4

Governor's executive power; commander of militia.

Section 5
Last Amended 1988

Governor's appointive and removal power; interim appointees.

Section 6

Governor's power to pardon and reprieve.

Section 7
Last Amended 1948

Succession to governorship.

Section 8

Lieutenant governor to be president of senate.

Section 9

Public accounts and reports.

Section 10

State seal.

Section 11

Commissions.

Section 12

Compensation of executive officers.

Section 13
Last Amended 1986

Residence of public officers.

Section 14
Last Amended 2002

State transportation commission

Section 15
Last Amended 2008

Confirmation of cabinet secretaries.

Section 16
Last Amended 2008

Vacancy in the office of the lieutenant governor.

Section 17
Last Amended 2018

State ethics commission.

Section 1
Last Amended 1966

Judicial power vested.

Section 2
Last Amended 1965

Supreme court; appellate jurisdiction.

Section 3

Supreme court; original jurisdiction; supervisory control; extraordinary writs.

Section 4
Last Amended 1988

Supreme court; selection of chief justice.

Section 5

Supreme court; quorum; majority concurring in judgments.

Section 6

Supreme court; absent or disqualified justice.

Section 7

Supreme court; terms, sessions and recesses.

Section 8
Last Amended 1988

Supreme court; qualifications of justices.

Section 9

Supreme court; officers.

Section 10

Supreme court; additional justices.

Section 11
Last Amended 1953

Supreme court; salary of justices.

Section 12
Last Amended 1988

Judicial districts; district judges.

Section 13
Last Amended 1937

District court; jurisdiction and terms

Section 14
Last Amended 1988

District court; qualifications and residence requirement of judges.

Section 15
Last Amended 1978

District court; judges pro tempore.

Section 16
Last Amended 1988

District court; additional judges; redistricting.

Section 17
Last Amended 1953

District court; judges' compensation.

Section 18
Last Amended 1966

Disqualification of judges or magistrates.

Section 19
Last Amended 1988

Ineligibility of justices or judges for nonjudicial offices.

Section 20

Style of writs and processes.

Section 21
Last Amended 1966

Judges as conservators of the peace; preliminary examinations in criminal cases.

Section 22

County clerk as district and probate court clerk.

Section 23
Last Amended 1949

Probate court.

Section 24

District attorneys.

Section 25
Repealed 2002

.

Section 26
Last Amended 1988

Magistrate court

Section 27
Last Amended 1966

Appeals from probate courts and other inferior courts.

Section 28
Last Amended 1988

Court of appeals; number, qualifications, compensation; quorum; majority concurring in judgment; power of chief justice to select acting justices.

Section 29
Last Amended 1965

Court of appeals; jurisdiction; issuance of writs.

Section 30
Last Amended 1966

Fees collected by judiciary paid to state treasury.

Section 31
Last Amended 1966

Justices of the peace abolished.

Section 32
Last Amended 2012

Judicial standards commission.

Section 33
Last Amended 1994

Retention or rejection at general election.

Section 34
Last Amended 2014

Vacancies in office; date for filing declaration of candidacy.

Section 35
Last Amended 2022

Appellate judges nominating commission.

Section 36
Last Amended 1988

District court judges nominating committee

Section 37
Last Amended 1988

Metropolitan court judges nominating committee.

Section 38
Last Amended 1988

Chief judge of district and metropolitan court districts.

Section 39
Last Amended 2012

Creation of public defender department and public defender commission.

Section 1
Last Amended 2014

Qualifications of voters; absentee voting; school elections; registration.

Section 2
Last Amended 2010

Qualifications for holding office.

Section 3

Religious and racial equality protected; restrictions on amendments.

Section 4
Last Amended 1953

Residence.

Section 5
Last Amended 2004

Election by ballot; plurality elects candidate.

Section 6
Repealed 1936

.

Section 1
Last Amended 1998

Levy to be proportionate to value; uniform and equal taxes; percentage of value taxed; limitation on annual valuation increases.

Section 2
Last Amended 1967

Property tax limits; exception

Section 3
Last Amended 1972

Tax-exempt property.

Section 4
Last Amended 1986

Misuse and deposit of public money.

Section 5
Last Amended 2004

Head of family and veteran exemptions.

Section 6
Last Amended 1914

Assessment of lands.

Section 7
Last Amended 1914

Judgments against local officials.

Section 8
Last Amended 1973

Exemption of certain personalty in transit through the state.

Section 9
Last Amended 1976

Elected governing authority prerequisite to levy of tax.

Section 10
Last Amended 1996

Severance tax permanent fund.

Section 11
Repealed 1914

.

Section 12
Repealed 1914

.

Section 13
Repealed 1914

.

Section 15
Last Amended 2002

Property tax exemption for disabled veterans.

Section 16
Last Amended 2010

Property tax exemption for property of veterans' organization chartered by United States congress.

Section 1

Debts of territory and its counties assumed.

Section 2

Payment of county debts by another county.

Section 3

State refunding bonds for assumed debts.

Section 4

Sale of lands for certain bond payments.

Section 5

Remission of county debts to state prohibited.

Section 6

Militia warrants.

Section 7

State indebtedness; purposes.

Section 8
Last Amended 2006

State indebtedness; restrictions.

Section 9

Use of borrowed funds.

Section 10
Last Amended 1996

County indebtedness; restrictions.

Section 11
Last Amended 2006

School district indebtedness; restrictions.

Section 12
Last Amended 1964

Municipal indebtedness; restrictions.

Section 13

County and municipal debt limit; exceptions.

Section 14
Last Amended 2022

Aid to private enterprise; veterans' scholarship programs; student loans; job opportunities; affordable housing.

Section 15

State and local refunding bonds.

Section 16
Last Amended 1921

State highway bonds

Section 1

Classification of counties; salaries and fees of county officers.

Section 2
Last Amended 1998

Terms of county officers.

Section 3

Removal of county seats.

Section 4
Last Amended 1949

Combined city and county corporations.

Section 5
Last Amended 1964

Incorporated counties.

Section 6
Last Amended 1970

Municipal home rule.

Section 7
Last Amended 1992

Five-member boards of county commissioners.

Section 8
Last Amended 1984

New activity or service mandated by state rule or regulation.

Section 9
Last Amended 1996

Recall of elected county officials.

Section 10
Last Amended 2014

Urban counties.

Section 11
Last Amended 2000

Single urban governments.

Section 1
Last Amended 2020

Creation and composition of public regulation commission.

Section 2
Last Amended 2020

Responsibilities of public regulation commission.

Section 3
Repealed 1999

.

Section 4
Repealed 1999

.

Section 5
Repealed 1999

.

Section 6
Repealed 1999

.

Section 7
Repealed 1999

.

Section 8
Repealed 1999

.

Section 9
Repealed 1999

.

Section 10
Repealed 1999

.

Section 11
Repealed 1999

.

Section 12
Repealed 1999

.

Section 13

General corporation laws.

Section 14

Corporations subject to police power.

Section 15
Repealed 1999

.

Section 16
Repealed 1999

.

Section 17
Repealed 1999

.

Section 18

Eminent domain of corporate property.

Section 19
Last Amended 2012

Chartering corporations.

Section 20
Last Amended 2012

Creation of office of superintendent of insurance.

Section 1

Free public schools.

Section 2
Last Amended 1996

Permanent school fund.

Section 3

Control of constitutional educational institutions; use of state land proceeds and other educational funds.

Section 4
Last Amended 1996

Current school fund.

Section 5

Compulsory school attendance.

Section 6
Last Amended 2003

Public education department; public education commission.

Section 7
Last Amended 2022

Investment of permanent school fund.

Section 8

Teachers to learn English and Spanish.

Section 9

Religious tests in schools.

Section 10

Educational rights of children of Spanish descent.

Section 11
Last Amended 2004

State educational institutions.

Section 12

Acceptance and use of Enabling Act educational grants.

Section 13
Last Amended 2014

Board of regents for educational institutions.

Section 14
Last Amended 1986

Recall of local school board members.

Section 15
Last Amended 2008

Local school boards having seven single-member districts.

Section 1

Disposition of state lands.

Section 2

Duties of land commissioner.

Section 3
Last Amended 1964

Patents for public lands.

Section 1
Last Amended 1960

State institutions.

Section 2

Federal land grants and donations.

Section 3
Last Amended 1955

Control and management.

Section 1

Department of agriculture.

Section 2

Forest fire prevention.

Section 1

Existing water rights confirmed.

Section 2

Appropriation of water.

Section 3

Beneficial use of water.

Section 4

Drainage districts and systems.

Section 5
Last Amended 1967

Appeals in matters relating to water rights.

Section 6
Last Amended 2006

Water trust fund.

Section 1
Last Amended 1961

Inspector of mines.

Section 2

Mining regulations; employment of children under fourteen.

Section 1

Composition, name and commander in chief of militia.

Section 2

Organization, discipline and equipment of militia.

Section 1
Last Amended 1996

Proposing and ratifying amendments.

Section 2
Last Amended 1996

Constitutional conventions.

Section 3

Initiative restricted.

Section 4

Amendment of compact with United States.

Section 5
Repealed 1996

Revision of amendment section restricted.

Section 1

Oath of officer.

Section 2

Tenure of office.

Section 3
Last Amended 2020

Date terms of office begin.

Section 4
Last Amended 1988

.

Section 5

Interim appointments.

Section 6

Date of general elections.

Section 7

Canvass of returns for officers elected by more than one county.

Section 8

First national election.

Section 9

State officers limited to salaries.

Section 10

Child labor.

Section 11

Women as public officers.

Section 12

Publication of laws in English and Spanish.

Section 13

Sacramental wines.

Section 14

Public officers barred from using railroad passes.

Section 15

Penitentiary to be reformatory and industrial school; labor by inmates.

Section 16

Railroad's liability to employees.

Section 17
Repealed 1971

.

Section 18

Leasing of convict labor prohibited.

Section 19

Eight-hour day in public employment.

Section 20

Waiver of indictment; proceedings on information.

Section 21
Last Amended 1971

Pollution control.

Section 22
Last Amended 1998

Public employees and educational retirement systems trust funds; expenditures and encumbrances prohibited; administration; vesting of property rights.

In compliance with the requirements of the act of Congress entitled “An act to enable the people of New Mexico to form a constitution and State government and be admitted to the Union on an equal footing with the original States; and to enable the people of Arizona to form a constitution and State government and be admitted into the Union on a equal footing with the original States,” approved June twentieth, nineteen hundred and ten, it is hereby provided:

Section 1
Last Amended 1953

Religious toleration; polygamy.

Section 2

Control of unappropriated or Indian lands; taxation of federal government, nonresident and Indian property.

Section 3

Assumption of territorial debts.

Section 4

Public schools.

Section 5
Last Amended 1912

Suffrage.

Section 6

Capital.

Section 7

Reclamation projects.

Section 8

Allotted Indian lands subject to federal liquor control.

Section 9

Consent to Enabling Act provisions.

Section 10

Compact irrevocable.

Section 11
Last Amended 1932

Consent to exchange of lands.

That no inconvenience may arise by reason of the change from a Territorial to a State form of government, it is declared and ordained:

Section 1

Effective date of constitution.

Section 2

Federal Employers' Liability Act.

Section 3

Federal Mining Inspection Act.

Section 4

Territorial laws.

Section 5

Pardons for violation of territorial laws.

Section 6

Territorial property vested in state.

Section 7

Obligations due territory or subdivision.

Section 8

Territorial judicial process and proceedings.

Section 9

Territorial courts and officers; seals.

Section 10

Pending actions.

Section 11

Execution and deposit of constitution.

Section 12

Territorial obligations; names of political subdivisions.

Section 13

Election to ratify constitution.

Section 14

Ballots for ratifying constitution.

Section 15

Canvass of ratification election returns.

Section 16

Submission of constitution to president and congress.

Section 17

Proclamation for first election of officers.

Section 18

Conduct of first state election; certification of results to president.

Section 19

First state officers.

Section 20

First legislative session; oaths of members; election of United States senators.

Section 21

Supplementary legislation.

Section 22

Terms of first officers.

Section 1
Repealed 1933

.

Section 2
Repealed 1933

.

Section 1
Last Amended 1967

Contracts for the development and production of minerals or development and operation of geothermal steam and waters on state lands.