The Florida Constitution

We, the people of the State of Florida, being grateful to Almighty God for our constitutional liberty, in order to secure its benefits, perfect our government, insure domestic tranquility, maintain public order, and guarantee equal civil and political rights to all, do ordain and establish this constitution.

Political Power

Last Amended 1974

Basic Rights

Religious Freedom

Last Amended 1998

Freedom of speech and press

Right to Assemble

Right to work

Military power

Last Amended 1990

Right to bear arms

Last Amended 1998

Due Process

Prohibited Laws

Imprisonment for debt

Last Amended 1982

Searches and seizures

Habeas corpus

Last Amended 1982

Pretrial release and detention

Prosecution for crime; offenses committed by children

Last Amended 2018

Rights of accused and of victims

Last Amended 2002

Excessive punishments

Last Amended 1998

Administrative penalties

Costs

Treason

Access to courts

Trial by jury

Last Amended 1998

Right of Privacy

Last Amended 2002

Access to public records and meetings

Last Amended 1992

Taxpayers’ Bill of Rights

Claimant’s right to fair compensation

Last Amended 2008

Marriage defined

State boundaries

Seat of government

Branches of government

State seal and flag

Last Amended 1998

Public Officers

Enemy Attack

Natural resources and scenic beauty.

Last Amended 2018

Ethics in government.

Last Amended 1988

English is the official language of Florida.

Composition.

Members; officers.

Last Amended 2018

Sessions of the legislature.

Last Amended 1990

Quorum and procedure.

Investigations; witnesses.

Laws.

Passage of Bills.

Last Amended 1998

Executive approval and veto.

Effective date of laws.

Special laws.

Last Amended 1968

Prohibited special laws.

Appropriation bills.

Term of office.

Civil service system.

Terms and qualifications of legislators.

Last Amended 1998

Legislative apportionment.

Last Amended 1998

Impeachment.

Last Amended 1998

Conflict of Interest.

Last Amended 1998

State Budgeting, Planning and Appropriations Processes.

Last Amended 2010

Standards for establishing congressional district boundaries.

Last Amended 2010

Standards for establishing legislative district boundaries.

Last Amended 1998

Governor.

Last Amended 1998

Lieutenant governor.

Last Amended 1998

Succession to office of governor; acting governor.

Last Amended 2018

Cabinet.

Election of governor, lieutenant governor and cabinet members; qualifications; terms.

Executive departments.

Last Amended 1998

Suspensions; filling office during suspensions.

Last Amended 1998

Clemency.

Last Amended 1998

Fish and wildlife conservation commission.

Last Amended 2004

Attorney General.

Last Amended 2018

Department of Veterans’ Affairs.

Last Amended 1998

Department of Elderly Affairs.

Last Amended 1992

Revenue Shortfalls.

Last Amended 1998

Courts

Last Amended 1998

Administration; practice and procedure.

Last Amended 1998

Supreme court.

Last Amended 1972

District courts of appeal.

Last Amended 1972

Circuit courts.

Last Amended 1972

County courts.

Last Amended 1972

Specialized divisions.

Last Amended 2018

Eligibility.

Last Amended 1972

Determination of number of judges.

[Repealed]

[Repealed]

[Repealed]

Last Amended 1998

Retention; election and terms.

Last Amended 1998

Vacancies.

[Repealed]

Last Amended 1998

Discipline; removal and retirement.

Last Amended 2018

Ethics in the judiciary.

[Repealed]

Funding.

Last Amended 1972

Attorneys; admission and discipline.

Last Amended 1972

Clerks of the circuit courts.

Last Amended 1998

State attorneys.

[Repealed]

Last Amended 1998

Public Defenders.

Last Amended 1972

Judicial officers as conservators of the peace.

Last Amended 1998

Schedule to Article V.

Last Amended 2018

Judicial interpretation of statutes and rules.

[Repealed]

[Repealed]

[Repealed]

[Repealed]

Last Amended 1998

Regulation of elections.

Last Amended 2020

Electors.

Oath

Last Amended 2018

Disqualifications.

Last Amended 1998

Primary, general, and special elections.

Municipal and district elections.

Last Amended 1998

Campaign spending limits and funding of campaigns for elective state-wide office.

Last Amended 1994

Taxation; appropriations; state expenses; state revenue limitation.

Taxes; rate.

Last Amended 2016

Taxes; exemptions.

Last Amended 2020

Taxation; assessments.

Last Amended 1971

Estate, inheritance and income taxes.

Last Amended 2020

Homestead exemptions.

Allocation of pari-mutuel taxes.

Last Amended 1998

Aid to local governments.

Last Amended 1976

Local taxes.

Last Amended 1974

Pledging credit.

Last Amended 1998

State bonds; revenue bonds.

Local bonds.

Relief from illegal taxes.

Last Amended 1980

Bonds for pollution control and abatement and other water facilities.

Last Amended 1972

Revenue bonds for scholarship loans.

Last Amended 1980

Bonds for housing and related facilities.

Last Amended 1988

Bonds for acquiring transportation right-of-way or for constructing bridges.

Last Amended 1990

Laws requiring counties or municipalities to spend funds or limiting their ability to raise revenue or receive state tax revenue.

Last Amended 2018

Supermajority vote required to impose, authorize, or raise state taxes or fees.

Last Amended 2018

Counties.

Municipalities.

Consolidation.

Transfer of powers.

Last Amended 1998

Local option.

Last Amended 1966

Schedule to Article VIII.

Last Amended 2002

Public education.

Last Amended 1998

State board of education.

Terms of appointive board members.

Last Amended 1998

School districts; school boards.

Last Amended 1998

Superintendent of schools.

State school fund.

Last Amended 2018

State University System.

Last Amended 2018

State College System.

Amendments to United States Constitution.

Militia.

Vacancy in office.

Last Amended 1998

Homestead; exemptions.

Coverture and property.

Last Amended 2006

Eminent domain.

Lotteries.

Census.

Last Amended 2018

Repeal of criminal statutes.

Felony; definition.

Last Amended 1970

Sovereignty lands.

Rules of construction.

Suits against the state.

State retirement systems benefit changes.

Last Amended 1986

State operated lotteries.

Last Amended 1994

Limiting marine net fishing.

Last Amended 1996

Everglades Trust Fund.

Last Amended 1998

Disposition of conservation lands.

[Repealed]

Last Amended 2018

Workplaces without tobacco smoke or vapor.

Last Amended 2002

Limiting cruel and inhumane confinement of pigs during pregnancy.

Last Amended 2004

Parental notice of termination of a minor’s pregnancy.

Last Amended 2004

Slot machines.

Last Amended 2020

Florida minimum wage.

Last Amended 2004

Patients’ right to know about adverse medical incidents.

Last Amended 2004

Prohibition of medical license after repeated medical malpractice.

Last Amended 2006

Comprehensive Statewide Tobacco Education And Prevention Program.

Last Amended 2014

Land Acquisition Trust Fund.

Last Amended 2016

Medical marijuana production, possession and use.

Last Amended 2018

Voter control of gambling in Florida.

Last Amended 2019

Death benefits for survivors of first responders and military members.

Last Amended 2018

Prohibition on racing of and wagering on greyhounds or other dogs.

Proposal by legislature.

Last Amended 1998

Revision commission.

Last Amended 1998

Initiative.

Last Amended 1998

Constitutional convention.

Last Amended 2006

Amendment or revision election.

Last Amended 1998

Taxation and budget reform commission.

Last Amended 1996

Tax or fee limitation.

Constitution of 1885 superseded.

Property taxes; millages.

Officers to continue in office

State commissioner of education.

Superintendent of schools.

Laws preserved.

Rights reserved.

Public debts recognized.

Last Amended 1998

Bonds.

Preservation of existing government.

Deletion of obsolete schedule items.

Senators.

Legislative apportionment.

Representatives; terms.

Special district taxes.

Last Amended 1969

Reorganization.

Conflicting provisions.

Last Amended 1980

Bonds for housing and related facilities.

Last Amended 1981

Renewable energy source property.

Last Amended 1993

Access to public records.

Last Amended 1995

State revenue limitation.

Last Amended 1999

Historic property exemption and assessment.

Last Amended 1999

Fish and wildlife conservation commission.

Last Amended 1998

Executive branch reform.

Last Amended 2004

Schedule to Article V amendment.

Last Amended 2007

Increased homestead exemption.

Last Amended 2019

Property tax exemptions and limitations on property tax assessments.

Last Amended 2010

Property tax exemption and classification and assessment of land used for conservation purposes.

Last Amended 2009

Limitation on the assessed value of real property used for residential purposes.

Last Amended 2010

Assessment of working waterfront property.

Last Amended 2011

Additional ad valorem tax exemption for certain members of the armed forces deployed on active duty outside of the United States.

Last Amended 2013

Veterans disabled due to combat injury; homestead property tax discount.

Last Amended 2013

Ad valorem tax relief for surviving spouses of veterans who died from service-connected causes and first responders who died in the line of duty.

Last Amended 2018

Solar devices or renewable energy source devices; exemption from certain taxation and assessment.

Last Amended 2017

Tax exemption for totally and permanently disabled first responders.

Last Amended 2017

Additional ad valorem exemption for persons age sixty-five or older.

Last Amended 2019

Eligibility of justices and judges.

Last Amended 2020

Prohibitions regarding lobbying for compensation and abuse of public position by public officers and public employees.

Last Amended 2018

Prohibition on racing of or wagering on greyhounds or other dogs.

Last Amended 2021

Transfer of the accrued benefit from specified limitations on homestead property tax assessments; increased portability period.

Ad valorem tax discount for surviving spouses of certain permanently disabled veterans.