Section 23.

Qualifications of voters

In elections by the people, the qualifications of voters shall be as follows: Each voter shall be a citizen of the United States, shall be eighteen years of age, shall fulfill the residence requirements set forth in this section, and shall be registered to vote pursuant to this article. No person who has been convicted of a felony shall be qualified to vote unless his civil rights have been restored by the Governor or other appropriate authority. As prescribed by law, no person adjudicated to be mentally incompetent shall be qualified to vote until his competency has been reestablished.
The residence requirements shall be that each voter shall be a resident of the Commonwealth and of the precinct where he votes. Residence, for all purposes of qualification to vote, requires both domicile and a place of abode. The General Assembly may provide for persons who are employed overseas, and their spouses and dependents residing with them, and who are qualified to vote except for relinquishing their place of abode in the Commonwealth while overseas, to vote in the Commonwealth subject to conditions and time limits defined by law. The General Assembly may provide for persons who are qualified to vote except for having moved their residence from one precinct to another within the Commonwealth to continue to vote in a former precinct subject to conditions and time limits defined by law. The General Assembly may also provide, in elections for President and Vice-President of the United States, alternatives to registration for new residents of the Commonwealth.
Any person who will be qualified with respect to age to vote at the next general election shall be permitted to register in advance and also to vote in any intervening primary or special election.

Qualifications of voters

In elections by the people, the qualifications of voters shall be as follows: Each voter shall be a citizen of the United States, shall be eighteen years of age, shall fulfill the residence requirements set forth in this section, and shall be registered to vote pursuant to this article. No person who has been convicted of a felony shall be qualified to vote unless his civil rights have been restored by the Governor or other appropriate authority. As prescribed by law, no person adjudicated to be mentally incompetent shall be qualified to vote until his competency has been reestablished.
The residence requirements shall be that each voter shall be a resident of the Commonwealth and of the precinct where he votes. Residence, for all purposes of qualification to vote, requires both domicile and a place of abode. The General Assembly may provide for persons who are qualified to vote except for having moved their residence from one precinct to another within the Commonwealth to continue to vote in a former precinct subject to conditions and time limits defined by law. The General Assembly may also provide, in elections for President and Vice-President of the United States, alternatives to registration for new residents of the Commonwealth.
Any person who will be qualified with respect to age to vote at the next general election shall be permitted to register in advance and also to vote in any intervening primary or special election.

Qualifications of voters

In elections by the people, the qualifications of voters shall be as follows: Each voter shall be a citizen of the United States, shall be eighteen years of age, shall fulfill the residence requirements set forth in this section, and shall be registered to vote pursuant to this article. No person who has been convicted of a felony shall be qualified to vote unless his civil rights have been restored by the Governor or other appropriate authority. As prescribed by law, no person adjudicated to be mentally incompetent shall be qualified to vote until his competency has been reestablished.
The residence requirements shall be that each voter shall be a resident of the Commonwealth and of the precinct where he votes. A person who is qualified to vote except for having moved his residence from one precinct to another may in the following November general election and in any intervening election vote in the precinct from which he has moved. Residence, for all purposes of qualification to vote, requires both domicile and a place of abode. The General Assembly may provide, in elections for President and Vice-President of the United States, alternatives to registration for new residents of the Commonwealth.
Any person who will be qualified with respect to age to vote at the next general election shall be permitted to register in advance and also to vote in any intervening primary or special election.

Qualifications of voters

In elections by the people, the qualifications of voters shall be as follows: Each voter shall be a citizen of the United States, shall be eighteen years of age, shall fulfill the residence requirements set forth in this section, and shall be registered to vote pursuant to this article. No person who has been convicted of a felony shall be qualified to vote unless his civil rights have been restored by the Governor or other appropriate authority. As prescribed by law, no person adjudicated to be mentally incompetent shall be qualified to vote until his competency has been reestablished.
The residence requirements shall be that each voter shall have been a resident of the Commonwealth for six months and of the precinct where he votes for thirty days. A person who is qualified to vote except for having moved his residence from one precinct to another fewer than thirty days prior to an election may in any such election vote in the precinct from which he has moved. Residence, for all purposes of qualification to vote, requires both domicile and a place of abode. The General Assembly may provide, in elections for President and Vice-President of the United States, a residence requirement of less than six months and alternatives to registration for new residents of the Commonwealth.
Any person who will be qualified with respect to age to vote at the next general election shall be permitted to register in advance and also to vote in any intervening primary or special election.

Qualification of voters

In elections by the people, the qualifications of voters shall be as follows: Each voter shall be a citizen of the United States, shall be twenty-one years of age, shall fulfill the residence requirements set forth in this section, and shall be registered to vote pursuant to this Article. No person who has been convicted of a felony shall be qualified to vote unless his civil rights have been restored by the Governor or other appropriate authority. As prescribed by law, no person adjudicated to be mentally incompetent shall be qualified to vote until his competency has been reestablished.
The residence requirements shall be that each voter shall have been a resident of the Commonwealth for six months and of the precinct where he votes for thirty days. A person who is qualified to vote except for having moved his residence from one precinct to another fewer than thirty days prior to an election may in any such election vote in the precinct from which he has moved. Residence, for all purposes of qualification to vote, requires both domicile and a place of abode. The General Assembly may provide, in elections for President and Vice-President of the United States, a residence requirement of less than six months and alternatives to registration for new residents of the Commonwealth.
Any person who will be qualified with respect to age to vote at the next general election shall be permitted to register in advance and also to vote in any intervening primary or special election.

Persons excluded from registering and voting

The following persons shall be excluded from registering and voting: Idiots, insane persons and paupers; persons who, prior to the adoption of this Constitution, were disqualified from voting, by conviction of crime, either within or without this State, and whose disabilities shall not have been removed; persons convicted after the adoption of this Constitution, either within or without this State, of treason, or of any felony, bribery, petit larceny, obtaining money or property under false pretences, embezzlement, forgery or perjury; persons who while citizens of this State, after the adoption of this Constitution, have fought a duel with a deadly weapon, or sent or accepted a challenge to fight such a duel, either within or without this State, or knowingly conveyed such a challenge, or aided or assisted in any way in the fighting of such duel.

Every male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, who shall have been a resident of this state twelve months, and of the county, city or town in which he shall offer to vote three months next preceding any election, shall be entitled to vote for members of the general assembly and all officers elected by the people: provided that no officer, soldier, seaman, or marine of the United States army or navy shall be considered a resident of this state by reason of being stationed therein: and provided, also, that the following persons shall be excluded from voting:
First. Idiots and lunatics.
Second. Persons convicted of bribery in any election, embezzlement of public funds, treason, felony, or petit larceny.
Third. No person who, while a citizen of this state, has, since the adoption of this constitution, fought a duel with a deadly weapon, sent or accepted a challenge to fight a duel with a deadly weapon, either within or beyond the boundaries of this state, or knowingly conveyed a challenge, or aided or assisted in any manner in fighting a duel, shall be allowed to vote or hold any office of honor, profit, or trust under this constitution.

Every citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, who shall have been a resident of the state twelve months, and of the county, city, or town in which he shall offer to vote, three months next preceding any election, and shall have paid to the state, before the day of election, the capitation tax required by law, for the preceding year, shall be entitled to vote for members of the general assembly, and all officers elected by the people: provided, that no officer, soldier, seaman, or marine of the United States army or navy shall be considered a resident of this state by reason of being stationed therein: and provided also, that the following persons shall be excluded from voting:
First. Idiots and lunatics.
Second. Persons convicted of bribery in any election, embezzlement of public funds, treason, felony, or petit larceny.
Third. No person who, while a citizen of this state, has, since the adoption of this constitution, fought a duel with a deadly weapon, sent or accepted a challenge to fight a duel with a deadly weapon, either within or beyond the boundaries of this state, or knowingly conveyed a challenge, or aided or assisted in any manner in fighting a duel, shall be allowed to vote or hold any office of honor, profit, or trust, under this constitution.

Every male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years old, who shall have been a resident of this State twelve months, and of the county, city or town in which he shall offer to vote three months next preceding any election, shall be entitled to vote upon all questions submitted to the people at such election:
Provided, that no officer, soldier, seaman or marine of the United States Army or Navy shall be considered a resident of this State by reason of being stationed therein: And provided also, that the following persons shall be excluded from voting.
1st. Idiots and lunatics.
2nd. Persons convicted of bribery in any election, embezzlement of public funds, treason or felony.
3rd. No person who, while a citizen of this State, has, since the adoption of this Constitution, fought a duel with a deadly weapon, sent or accepted a challenge to fight a duel with a deadly weapon, either within or beyond the boundaries of this State, or knowingly conveyed a challenge, or aided or assisted in any manner in fighting a duel, shall be allowed to vote or hold any office of honor, profit or trust, under this Constitution.

Every white male citizen of the commonwealth, of the age of twenty-one years, who has been a resident of the state for two years, and of the county, city or town where he offers to vote, for twelve months next preceding an election, who has paid all state taxes assessed to him for the preceding year, shall be qualified to vote for members of the general assembly, and all officers elective by the people; but when a citizen of the state removes from one county, city or town to another in this state, he shall not, by reason of such change of residence, lose his right to vote in the county, city or town from which he removes, until he shall have acquired the right to vote in the county, city or town to which he removes: provided, however, that no person shall be allowed to vote who is of unsound mind, a pauper, or who has been convicted of bribery at an election, or of any infamous offence. No person in the military, naval or marine service of the United States shall be deemed a resident of this state, by reason of being stationed therein; but citizens of this state, when in the military service of the United States, shall be permitted to vote under such regulations as may be prescribed by the general assembly, wherever they may be stationed, the same as if they were within their respective cities, counties or districts.

Every white male citizen of the Commonwealth, of the age of twenty-one years, who has been a resident of the State for one year, and of the county, city or town where he offers to vote for six months next preceding an election, and who has paid all taxes assessed to him, after the adoption of this constitution, under the laws of the commonwealth after the reorganization of the county, city or town where he offers to vote, shall be qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly, and all officers elective by the people. Provided, however, that no one shall be allowed to vote who, when he offers to vote, shall not thereupon take, or shall not before have taken, the following oath:

"I do solenmly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Con­stitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof, as the supreme law of the land, anything in the constitution and laws of the State of Virginia, or in the ordinances of the Con­vention which assembled at Richmond on the thirteenth day of Feb­ruary, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, to the contrary notwithstand­ing; and that I will uphold and defend the government of Virginia as restored by the convention which assembled at Wheeling on the eleventh day of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, and that I have not since the first day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty­-four, voluntarily given aid or assistance, in any way, to those in rebellion against the Government of the United States for the pur­pose of promoting the same."

But the Legislature shall have power to pass an act or acts prescribing means by which persons who have been disfranchised by this provision shall or may be restored to the rights of voters when in their opinion it will be safe to do so. Any person falsely so swearing shall be subject to the penalties of perjury.

No person in the military, Naval or Marine service of the United States shall be deemed a resident of this State by reason of being stationed therein; but citizens of this State, when in the military service of the United States, shall be permitted to vote under such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly, wherever they may be stationed, the same as if they were within their respec­tive cities, counties or districts. No person shall have the right to vote who is of unsound mind or a pauper, or who has been convicted of bribery in an election, or of any infamous offence.

Every white male citizen of the Commonwealth, of the age of twenty-one years, who has been a resident of the State for one year, and of the county, city or town where he offers to vote for six months next preceding an election, and who has paid all taxes assessed to him, after the adoption of this constitution, under the laws of the commonwealth after the re-organization of the county, city or town where he offers to vote, shall be qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly, and all officers elective by the people. Provided, however, that no one shall be allowed to vote who, when he offers to vote, shall not thereupon take, or shall not before have taken, the following oath: "I do solenmly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Con­stitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof, as the supreme law of the land, anything in the constitution and laws of the State of Virginia, or in the ordinances of the con­vention which assembled at Richmond on the thirteenth day of Feb­ruary, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, to the contrary notwithstand­ing; and that I will uphold and defend the government of Virginia as restored by the Convention which assembled at Wheeling on the eleventh day of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, and that I have not since the first day of January, eighteen hundred and sixty­-four, voluntarily given aid or assistance, in any way, to those in rebellion against the Government of the United States for the pur­pose of promoting the same." But the Legislature shall have power to pass an act or acts prescribing means by which persons who have been disfranchised by this provision shall or may be restored to the rights of voters when in their opinion it will be safe to do so. Any person falsely so swearing shall be subject to the penalties of perjury.
No person shall hold any office under this Constitution who shall not have taken and subscribed the oath aforesaid. But no person shall vote or hold office under this constitution who has held office under the so-called confederate government, or under any rebellious State government, or who has been a member of the so-called con­federate congress, or a member of any State Legislature in rebellion against the authority of the United States, excepting therefrom county officers.
No person in the military, Naval or Marine service of the United States shall be deemed a resident of this State by reason of being stationed therein; but citizens of this State, when in the military service of the United States, shall be permitted to vote under such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly, wherever they may be stationed, the same as if they were within their respec­tive cities, counties or districts. No person shall have the right to vote who is of unsound mind or a pauper, or who has been convicted of bribery in an election, or of any infamous offence.

Every white male citizen of the commonwealth, of the age of twenty-one years, who has been a resident of the state for two years, and of the county, city or town where he offers to vote for twelve months next preceding an election-and no other person-shall be qualified to vote for members of the general assembly and all officers elective by the people; but no person in the military, naval or marine service of the United States shall be deemed a resident of this state, by reason of being stationed therein. And no person shall have the right to vote, who is of unsound mind, or a pauper, or a noncommissioned officer, soldier, seaman or marine in the service of the United States, or who has been convicted of bribery in an election, or of any infamous offence.

Every white male citizen of the Commonwealth, resident therein, aged twenty one years and upwards, being qualified to exercise the right of suffrage according to the former Constitution and laws; and every such citizen, being possessed, or whose tenant for years, at will or at sufferance, is possessed, of an estate of freehold in land of the value of twenty-five dollars, and so assessed to be, if any assessment thereof be required by law; and every such citizen, being possessed, as tenant in common, joint tenant or parcener, of an interest in or share of land, and having an estate of freehold therein, such interest or share being of the value of twenty-five dollars, and so assessed to be, if any assessment thereof be required by law; and every such citizen being entitled to a reversion or vested remainder in fee, expectant on an estate for life or lives, in land of the value of fifty dollars, and so assessed to be, if any assessment thereof be required by law; (each and every such citizen, unless his title shall have come to him by descent, devise, marriage or marriage-settlement, having been so possessed or entitled for six months); and every such citizen, who shall own and be himself in actual occupation of a leasehold estate, with the evidence of title recorded two months before he shall offer to vote, of a term originally not less than five years, of the annual value or rent of twenty dollars; and every such citizen, who, for twelve months next preceding, has been a house-keeper and head of a family, within the County, city, town, borough or election district where he may offer to vote, and shall have been assessed with a part of the revenue of the Commonwealth within the preceding year, and actually paid the same - and no other persons - shall be qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly, in the county, city, town or borough, respectively, wherein such land shall lie, or such house-keeper and head of a family shall live. And in case of two or more tenants in common, joint tenants or parceners, in possession, reversion or remainder, having interest in land, the value whereof shall be insufficient to entitle them all to vote, they shall together have as many votes as the value of the land shall entitle them to; and the Legislature shall by law provide the mode in which their vote or votes shall in such case be given: Provided, nevertheless, that the right of suffrage shall not be exercised by any person of unsound mind, or who shall be a pauper, or a non-commissioned officer, soldier, seaman or marine, in the service of the United States, or by any person convicted of any infamous offence.